Electrical therapies act on the Ca2+ /CaM signaling pathway to enhance bone regeneration with bioactive glass [S53P4] and allogeneic grafts.

This study aimed to investigate the application of low-intensity electrostimulation (ES) and electromagnetic stimulation (EM) associated with bioactive glass (BG) or allogeneic grafts (BB) in bone regeneration. A cell viability test on osteoblasts (UMR-106) was performed in the presence of BB and BG grafts associated with ES (10 µA/5 min) and EM (500 Hz/2 min). Critical defects (25 mm2 ) in calvaria were generated in male Wistar rats, and bone regeneration was evaluated on the 30th, 60th, and 120th days after surgery. Cell proliferation increased with the application of ES in both grafts and after EM with BG. Bone remodeling was more effective using the allogeneic graft in both therapies, with increased angiogenesis, osteoblast proliferation, and OPN expression in the BB + EM group. A higher number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and an increase in bone sialoprotein, Runx-2, and Opn gene expression were found in the BB + ES group. The BG graft associated with EM therapy had an increased proliferation of osteoblasts and increased expression of Runx-2 and Opn. Groups that had BG and ES therapy had increased numbers of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and increased OPN expression. The expression of voltage-gated calcium channels increased in groups with ES, while calmodulin expression increased in therapies without grafting. ES and EM therapies favored the repair of bone defects upon grafting by improving angiogenesis, osteogenic gene expression, and tissue reorganization. Despite activating different pathways, both therapies increased the intracellular concentrations of calmodulin, leading to cell proliferation and bone regeneration.

Application of Solidago chilensis and laser improved the repair of burns in diabetic rats.

BACKGROUND: The repair of burns in diabetic patients is a clinical problem. It is relevant to study alternative therapies that can improve the healing process. Our aim was to investigate the effects of Solidago chilensis associated or not with laser on burns in diabetic rats. METHODS: The animals were divided in four groups (n = 30): C- without treatment; S- S. chilensis extract; L-laser irradiated; LS- laser and S. chilensis. In 7, 14 and 21 days samples were collected after the injury to structural, morphometric and molecular analysis. RESULTS: Our results demonstrate the association of S. chilensis and laser reduced the inflammatory infiltrate and favored the angiogenesis. In the groups treated only with laser or with the plant extract showed higher levels of VEGF. The low-level laser therapy (LLLT) promoted higher collagen I and reduction of collagen III. It was also observed higher MMP-2 activation and a decreasing of the active isoform of MMP-9 in the S, L and LS groups. CONCLUSIONS: The treatments improved the repair of burns in diabetic rats, since it reduced the inflammatory infiltrate and favored the collagen organization presenting similar effects in the burn repair of the diabetics.

Electrospun membranes of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) used as scaffold in drug delivery of extract of Sedum dendroideum.

Biomaterials nanofibrous electrospun with biodegradable polymers have the advantage of the similarity to natural extracellular matrices, showing promising as scaffolds for application in tissue engineering. Sedum dendroideum is a phytotherapic drug that stands out for its healing properties and anti-inflammatory. This study presents the efficacy of PLA electrospun membranes used as support S. dendroideum extract releasing on excisional skin lesions of Wistar rats. The PLA porous membranes, which are nonwoven fibrous mats, were obtained by electrospinning using a conventional apparatus with a flat collector. The animals were randomly divided into nine groups: control (C), animals treated with electrospun membranes of PLA (M), animals treated with extract of S. dendroideum dissolved in saline (F), animals treated with membranes of PLA with 10% S. dendroideum (MF10), animals treated with membranes of PLA with 25% S. dendroideum (MF25). Tissue samples were taken after 2, 6 and 10 days after surgery and were subjected to structural analysis and morphology. The experimental observations showed the application of the phytotherapic incorporated in the membrane promoted a significant response regarding the number of inflammatory cells, percentage of mature collagen fibers and epithelium birrefringent in thickness excisional skin lesions in Wistar rats. It was also demonstrated that the application of the PLA membranes without the extract promoted similar responses tissues.

Effects of microcurrent application alone or in combination with topical Hypericum perforatum L. and Arnica montana L. on surgically induced wound healing in Wistar rats.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the wound healing activity of microcurrent application alone or in combination with topical Hypericum perforatum L. and Arnica montana L. on skin surgical incision surgically induced on the back of Wistar rats. DESIGN: The animals were randomly divided into six groups: (1) no intervention (control group); (2) microcurrent application (10 µA/2 min); (3) topical application of gel containing H. perforatum; (4) topical application of H. perforatum gel and microcurrent (10 µA/2 min); (5) topical application of gel containing A. montana; (6) topical application of A. montana gel and microcurrent (10 µA/2 min). Tissue samples were obtained on the 2nd, 6th and 10th days after injury and submitted to structural and morphometric analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Differences in wound healing were observed between treatments when compared to the control group. Microcurrent application alone or combined with H. perforatum gel or A. montana gel exerted significant effects on wound healing in this experimental model in all of the study parameters (P<0.05) when compared to the control group with positive effects seen regarding newly formed tissue, number of newly formed blood vessels and percentage of mature collagen fibers. The morphometric data confirmed the structural findings. In conclusion, application of H. perforatum or A. montana was effective on experimental wound healing when compared to control, but significant differences in the parameters studied were only observed when these treatments were combined with microcurrent application.

Effect of Glycolic Extract of Dillenia indica L. Combined With Microcurrent Stimulation on Experimental Lesions in Wistar Rats.

UNLABELLED: This study evaluated the wound healing activity of a glycolic extract of Dillenia indica (GED) prepared from the mature fruits of the plant applied alone or in combination with microcurrent stimulation to skin wounds surgically induced on the back of Wistar rats. METHODS: The animals were randomly divided into six groups: (A) negative control group; (B) group receiving microcurrent application (MC; [10 mA/2 mins]); (C) group treated with GED; (D) group treated with an emulsion containing GED; (E) group treated with GED and MC, and (F) group treated with the emulsion containing GED and MC. Tissue samples were obtained 2, 6, and 10 days after injury and underwent structural and morphometric analysis. RESULTS: There were observed differences in wound healing among the various treatments when compared to the control group. The combination of microcurrent plus extract or microcurrent plus emulsion containing GED was advantageous in all of the studied parameters (P < 0.05) when compared to the other groups with positive effects seen regarding newly formed tissue, number of fibroblasts, and number of newly formed blood vessels. The morphometric data confirmed the structural findings. CONCLUSION: Microcurrent application alone or combined with GED exerted significant effects on wound healing in this experimental model. This was probably due to the efficacy of microcurrent application since the extract alone did not significantly accelerate the healing process. D indica fruit extract most likely participates in the wound healing process as a result of its anti-inflammatory properties.

Correlation between schizophrenia and seasonality of birth in a tropical region

OBJETIVO: Investigar estatisticamente a relação da sazonalidade com o período de nascimento, em 461 pacientes que apresentam esquizofrenia internados em três instituições de psiquiatria nas cidades de Araras, Itapira e Espírito Santo do Pinhal, localizadas no interior do Estado de São Paulo, região sudeste do Brasil. MÉTODO: Os dados coletados constam de datas e locais de nascimento dos referidos indivíduos, através dos quais se obteve os períodos estacionais dos nascimentos. Esses dados foram analisados através do teste Qui-quadrado. Também foram obtidos os dados de temperatura e precipitação pluvial nos anos de 1952 a 1986, correspondente aos anos de nascimento dos pacientes estudados. RESULTADOS: Estes mostraram uma maior prevalência de nascimentos nos meses de inverno (p = 0,0044) caracterizado nessa região por queda na temperatura e na precipitação pluviométrica. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados indicam uma possível influência da sazonalidade na patogênese de esquizofrenia e sugerem que o período de inverno nesta região poderia, juntamente com outros fatores, contribuir para o desenvolvimento tardio da esquizofrenia.

Morfologia de estruturas sensoriais em pernas e antenas de Agelaia pallipes (Olivier), Polybia paulista (Ihering) e Mischocyttarus cassununga (Ihering) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) / Morphology of the legs and antennae sensorial structures of Agelaia pallipes (Olivier), Polybia paulista (Ihering) and Mischocyttarus cassununga (Ihering) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Entre as estratégias de comunicação utilizadas por animais o som é uma das mais importantes. Nos Hymenoptera destacam-se como órgãos auditivos o órgão subgenual, localizado na porção proximal da tíbia, e o órgão de Johnston, localizado no segundo segmento da antena. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar morfologicamente tais estruturas em Agelaia pallipes (Olivier), Polybia paulista (Ihering) and Mischocyttarus cassununga (Ihering). As tíbias e antenas das três espécies foram retiradas e fixadas em glutaraldeído a 2 por cento em tampão cocodilato de sódio 0,2 M, pH 7,4 durante 2h a 4ºC. Uma pós-fixação seguiu-se em tetróxido de ósmio a 2 por cento no mesmo tampão. Nas espécies estudadas observaram-se semelhanças quanto à forma, localização e tamanho do órgão subgenual (OSG) e órgão de Johnston (OJ). O OSG apresentou a forma de um cone constituído por células nervosas presas à parede interna da tíbia em pontos laterais e opostos. Tal estrutura e sua localização parecem estratégias para a percepção de estímulos vibratórios decorrentes do substrato. No pedicelo das antenas das três espécies observaram-se células sensoriais do OJ, dispostas radialmente e terminando na conexão cuticular entre pedicelo e flagelo antenal. Esse arranjo permite ao OJ detectar estímulos vibratórios. Neste trabalho não foi analisada a possível relação entre a morfologia das estruturas sensoriais e o desenvolvimento da audição nas diferentes espécies estudadas.

Among the communication strategies used by the animals, the sound is one of the most important. Hymenoptera have as auditory organs, the subgenual organ (SGO) located in the tibia proximal portion, and the Johnston organ (JO) located in the second antenna segment. The subject of this work was to analyze the morphology of these structures in Agelaia pallipes (Olivier), Polybia paulista (Ihering) and Mischocyttarus cassununga (Ihering). The tibiae and antennae of the three species were dissected and fixed in 2 percent glutaraldhyde in 0, 2 M sodium cacodylate buffer, pH 7.4, during 2h, at 4ºC. Afterward, they were postfixed in 2 percent osmium tetroxide in the same buffer. We observed similarity in the shape, location and size of both, SGO and JO, among the studied species. SGO presented a conical shape formed by nervous cells fixed to the internal wall of the tibia on lateral and opposite points. Such structure and its location seem to constitute strategies to perceive vibratory stimulations originated from the substratum. In the pedicellum of the three species antenna, we observed JO sensorial cells, disposed in a radial form, ending in the cuticular connection between the pedicellum and the antennal flagella. This arrangement allows the JO to detect vibratory stimuli. In this work, a possible relation between morphology of the sensorial structures and the development of hearing in the different species was not analyzed.

[Morphology of the legs and antennae sensorial structures of Agelaia pallipes (Olivier), Polybia paulista (Ihering) and Mischocyttarus cassununga (Ihering) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)]. / Morfologia de estruturas sensoriais em pernas e antenas de Agelaia pallipes (Olivier), Polybia paulista (Ihering) e Mischocyttarus cassununga (Ihering) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae).

Among the communication strategies used by the animals, the sound is one of the most important. Hymenoptera have as auditory organs, the subgenual organ (SGO) located in the tibia proximal portion, and the Johnston organ (JO) located in the second antenna segment. The subject of this work was to analyze the morphology of these structures in Agelaia pallipes (Olivier), Polybia paulista (Ihering) and Mischocyttarus cassununga (Ihering). The tibiae and antennae of the three species were dissected and fixed in 2% glutaraldhyde in 0, 2 M sodium cacodylate buffer, pH 7.4, during 2h, at 4 degrees C. Afterward, they were postfixed in 2% osmium tetroxide in the same buffer. We observed similarity in the shape, location and size of both, SGO and JO, among the studied species. SGO presented a conical shape formed by nervous cells fixed to the internal wall of the tibia on lateral and opposite points. Such structure and its location seem to constitute strategies to perceive vibratory stimulations originated from the substratum. In the pedicellum of the three species antenna, we observed JO sensorial cells, disposed in a radial form, ending in the cuticular connection between the pedicellum and the antennal flagella. This arrangement allows the JO to detect vibratory stimuli. In this work, a possible relation between morphology of the sensorial structures and the development of hearing in the different species was not analyzed.

Efeito da aplicação de microcorrente na osteogênese após a fratura / The use of microcurrent on the osteogenesis after fracture

A produção de potenciais elétricos em tecidos biológicos como osso, dentina e outros, é obtida aplicando-se forças mecânicas sobre os mesmos. Este fenômeno conhecido como piezoeletricidade, desempenha papel importante na bioestimulação do processo de reparo de diferentes tecidos, isto porque correntes elétricas afetam a atividade celular e, assim, induzem o crescimento do osso e a osteogênese. No presente estudo investigou-se o efeito de diferentes intensidades de microcorrente no processo da osteogênese na tíbia de ratos da linhagem Wistar após fraturas cirúrgicas. Os animais foram dividos em quatro grupos de controle e submetidos a tratamento diário com microcorrente, com intensidade de 2µA/3min, 2µA/5min e 5µA/3min durante 28 dias. Os resultados mostraram que a estimulação diária com 5µA/3min foi efetiva no aumento da velocidade de reparo ósseo